Napalm and Agent Orange in the Vietnam War

During the Vietnam War, the United States military used chemical agents in its fight against Ho Chi Minhs Army of North Vietnam and the Viet Cong. The most important of those chemical weapons were the incendiary napalm and the defoliant Agent Orange. Napalm Napalm is a gel, which in its original form contained naphthenic and palmitic acid plus petroleum as fuel.  The modern version, Napalm B, contains plastic polystyrene, hydrocarbon benzene, and gasoline. It burns at temperatures of 800-1,200 degrees C (1,500-2,200 degrees F). When napalm falls on people, the gel sticks to their skin, hair, and clothing, causing unimaginable pain, severe burns, unconsciousness, asphyxiation, and often death. Even those who do not get hit directly with napalm can die from its effects since it burns at such high temperatures that it can create firestorms that use up much of the oxygen in the air. Bystanders also can suffer heatstroke, smoke exposure, and carbon monoxide poisoning. The US first used napalm during World War II in both the European and Pacific theaters, and also deployed it during the Korean War. However, those instances are dwarfed by American use of napalm in the Vietnam War, where the US dropped almost 400,000 tons of napalm bombs in the decade between 1963 and 1973. Of the Vietnamese people who were on the receiving end, 60% suffered fifth-degree burns, meaning that the burn went down to the bone. Horrifying as napalm is, its effects at least are time-limited. That is not the case with the other major chemical weapon the US used against Vietnam  -- Agent Orange. Agent Orange Agent Orange is a liquid mixture containing the 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T herbicides. The compound is toxic for only about a week before it breaks down, but unfortunately, one of its daughter products is the persistent toxin dioxin. Dioxin lingers in soil, water, and human bodies. During the Vietnam War, the US sprayed Agent Orange on the jungles and fields of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The Americans sought to defoliate the trees and bushes, so that enemy soldiers would be exposed.  They also wanted to kill off the agricultural crops that fed the Viet Cong (as well as local civilians). The US spread 43 million liters (11.4 million gallons) of Agent Orange on Vietnam, covering 24 percent of South Vietnam with the poison. Over 3,000 villages were in the spray zone. In those areas, dioxin leached into peoples bodies, their food, and worst of all, the groundwater.  In an underground aquifer, the toxin can remain stable for at least 100 years. As a result, even decades later, the dioxin continues to cause health problems and birth defects for Vietnamese people in the sprayed area. The Vietnamese government  estimates that about 400,000 people have died from Agent Orange poisoning, and about half a million children have been born with birth defects. US and allied veterans who were exposed during the period of heaviest usage and their children may have elevated rates of various cancers, including soft tissue sarcoma, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, and lymphocytic leukemia. Victims groups from Vietnam, Korea, and other places where napalm and Agent Orange were used have sued the primary manufacturers of these chemical weapons, Monsanto and Dow Chemical, on several occasions. In 2006, the companies were ordered to pay US$63 million in damages to South Korean veterans who fought in Vietnam.

The Lost Art of Letter-Writing Essay - 1143 Words

In the past week, how many texts, emails, or instant messages have you received? The majority of you would probably answer, â€Å"too many to count.† In fact, I would have the same answer as well. Now, think about how many handwritten letters have you received? And by handwritten letters, I mean a letter complete with a stamp and envelope, sent via post office. None at all? That’s not surprising, considering the great benefits of technological communication that cause people to make the switch from communicating through letter-writing. According to an annual survey conducted by the U.S. Postal Service, in 2010, a typical home received one personal letter every seven weeks. This is a drop from the results produced in 1987, when a typical home†¦show more content†¦Even though I knew my various colored pens would irk him, as they usually do, I stuck with my decision because it represents me, and so through my choices, give off an illusion to him as if I have never left his side and can still irk him from 785 miles away. The biggest difference between emails and written letters, is the method of writing the contents: computer fonts versus handwriting. Handwriting is unique to every individual, and so no two written letters look alike. This uniqueness is not apparent in emails, because computer fonts are used and so there is no originality. Not to mention, handwriting is personal; therefore when something handwritten is read, a small sense of closeness and intimacy ensues, as opposed to the â€Å"cold† and distant feeling computer fonts ensue. That’s why most, if not all, love notes are handwritten, not typed; it’s more romantic that way. Also when someone is writing a letter, most of the time, the lines of sentences aren’t perfectly straight, whether there are lines provided or not. However, in a typed email, there are margins, spacing, and â€Å"invisible† lines to help restrict the formatting of the letter . In addition, handwriting gives another depth to the letter’s content. For example, compare the phrase â€Å"I AMShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Cursive Writing717 Words   |  3 Pagesof education. Many believe that cursive writing should continue to be taught in school because of the academic benefits cursive writing can have on students. On the other hand, others believe that cursive writing is no longer needed due to the fact that new curriculum standards do not require cursive writing being taught among students. After reading the articles, it is evident that cursive writing should still be teached in school settings. 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Where it is pretty much significant in the storyRead MoreLife And Writing Of Elizabeth Bishop1497 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious domiciles. I expected an exploration into the meaning and impact of those homes on Bishop’s life and writing, but I was disappointed. Displaced most of her life, place became important to Bishop, from her childhood home in Great Village, Nova Scotia, to the Key West house she shared with Louise Crane; from New York apartments to the several houses she famously â€Å"lost† in her poem, â€Å"One Art,† including those she shared in Brazil with her lover and companion Lota de Macedo Soares. An exegesis ofRead More The Healing Power of Poetry Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagespoetry, letters, and all kinds of other different types of writing. Barker uses the Hydra in her novel to mark the healing power of writing in the lives of these men. Poetry therapy has a long history, being recognized as far back as the first songs chanted around the camp-fires of primitive people. To these people, the chant is what heals the heart and soul. In the English language, the word therapy comes from the Greek word therapeia, which means to nurse or cure through expressive arts suchRead MoreWilla Cathers Issues with Realism and The Barn Burner, Paragraphs1059 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne 3. The Barn Burner 4. A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner 1. Willa Cather seems to take issue with the bland and boring nature of realism above all else. She notes that realism is not in itself an artistic expression, yet so many art forms from literature to paintings—particularly from her time period—portray little more than the realism of our world. In her mind, the literalness that is realism can be successfully integrated in art, but it must

How Does Stevenson Create Intrigue Interest for Th E Reader Free Essays

Explore how Stevenson creates a sense of intrigue and engages the reader’s interest in ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’. Throughout this novel Stevenson consistently uses his characters to create and engage the reader’s curiosity; Utterson first stokes the mystery of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde when he regards to Mr Enfield; ‘Did you ever remark that door? – Enfield returning with the recital of an unusual story in which Mr Hyde is mentioned for the first time. Stevenson uses Hyde’s brutal and seemingly horrifying mentality to arrest the reader’s attention; ensuring not to give the reader to much detail so as to capture their interest and leave them hanging on the end of every unanswered question. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Stevenson Create Intrigue Interest for Th E Reader or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the story continues, Stevenson strategically places events and clues to give the reader a wider picture of the elusive Mr Hyde without giving them too much information; an example of the mystery being gradually expanded is in chapter two when Utterson is searching for Hyde – the reader discovers that Utterson has the will of Dr Henry Jekyll in which the reader learns that Hyde is entitled to Henry Jekyll’s inheritance and that he is allowed to pass freely in and out of Jekyll’s house; the will and Jekyll’s trust in Hyde being used in order to establish a link between the both of them. In chapter four the reader learns that Hyde has murdered Sir Danvers Carew; a man of high status, giving us further insight into Hyde’s true and careless nature and awarding the reader with a further link between Hyde and Jekyll. When the reader discovers in chapter five that Dr Jekyll has forged a letter for Mr Hyde it is important to note that Stevenson is constantly challenging the reader as to why Jekyll and Hyde are connected since the two are classed in different ranks of society; Jekyll was a respected doctor whom was described as a ‘large, well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty’ with every mark of capacity and kindness’ who lived in a ‘square of ancient, handsome houses’ whereas Hyde is hated by many and was ‘pale and dwarfish, he gave an impression of deformity without any nameable malformation’ who lived in ‘the dismal quarter of Soho’ ‘with its muddy ways, and slatternly passages’ – it’s a wonder to the reader what Jekyll saw in the lower class Hyde. Stevenson creates Dr Jekyll in contrast to Mr Hyde using vivid yet entirely opposite descriptions of the two men to create an interesting dynamic within the novel; chal lenging the reader as to whether the lower and higher class people within Victorian society can walk on an equal level. In the final two hapters Stevenson reveals to the reader that Henry Jekyll has been manipulating science in such a way that, using ‘unscientific balderdash’, he has split the human conscience; the good side of the conscience being Dr Jekyll and the evil side of the conscience being Mr Hyde – the reader is horrified that science has been used in such a way but the shock of the novel is stimulating and has been written in such a way that the raw brutality of the story gives the reader a thrill. The way in which Stevenson intrigues the reader is mainly down to the way in which he withholds and presents particular details from the reader so that through the novel they can only accumulate a shaded judgement of ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ and that only in the final chapters, when every clue is given a meaning, can they tru ly understand Dr Jekyll’s true nature; it is in this way that Stevenson induces excitement, curiosity and mystery into his novel and creates an outstanding air of intrigue and interest. How to cite How Does Stevenson Create Intrigue Interest for Th E Reader, Papers

Hypertension Massage Indication or Contradiction

Question: Discuss about the Hypertension for Massage Indication or Contradiction. Answer: Introduction: Hypertension is a medical condition characterized by high blood pressure. The patients of hypertension who are willing to take massage therapy must understand the following effects of massage: Stimulation of certain receptors that result in vasodilation which eventually reduce blood pressure. Relaxation massage is more useful rather than deep tissue or other massage as the latter tend to increase the blood circulation. It has been shown to reduce both the diastolic and systolic blood pressure. The best advantages of massage for postural stress and muscle strength include relaxation of the muscles that have been contracted in the back region, restoring appropriate movement by releasing pain by lengthening the muscles in chest and front of the neck and increasing body flexibility by improving the blood circulation that provides relaxation (John, 2016). There term social responsibility in terms of sustainable practice can be defined as process that voluntarily integrates the environmental and social concerns into the processes or functioning of the organization (Robert, 2009). This is a way through which the organizations tend to perform the sustainable practices that do not harm the environment or disrespect the social norms. The major impacts of massage business over the environment include usage of non-biodegradable products that increase the wastage, more electricity usage for running electrical appliances and over usage of paper for printing bills, writing notes, etc. The best ways to lower the potential threats of massage parlours on the environment include the usage of biodegradable laundry powders for washing the linens and using energy-efficient bulbs or natural light whenever possible to save the electricity (Sam, 2009). The two best strategies to check the viability of any business before putting your footsteps into it in order to prevent any kind of losses are: Identification of the competitors in the market and the services that they are providing to their customers. Analysis of the needs of customers that are not met at the persisting massage clinics so that they can be incorporated at your massage clinic. As a massage therapist, it is essential to take appropriate rest after completing the shifts because it becomes very tiring to give massages to the people. Apart from this, it is important to perform some physical exercise like yoga and also do some meditation to keep the mind peaceful so that one can deal with all kinds of customers with ease. The advantages of being employed by a business as massage therapist More exposure due to more clients Opportunity to meet experts who are in the profession for long time More learning experience The disadvantages of being employed by a business as a massage therapist include: Lower wages Hectic schedules No freedom of choice The advantages of working in your own practice: More financial benefits Complete freedom of working hours and other things No need of reporting to any other person The disadvantage of working in your own practice Less customers (particularly in initial stages) More responsibility of customers as well employees Less opportunity of learning from seniors in the profession I want to pursue this career because it has a higher scope as people are now going towards the natural ways of healing their health issues. I particularly like to deal with the clients who suffer from after effects of weight loss and pregnancy. I would first like to learn from an established firm and then plan to start my own business. To achieve my goals, I need to first find an appropriate massage clinic where I can gain experience then I would build some financial support to start my business. The only limiting factor in achieving my goal is to identify the most potential market where I can start my business and where there is less competition. The benefits or registration with professional organisation for massage therapist include professional support and assistance, enhancement in the experience that is more accountable around the globe and chance to learn developed techniques that might not be taught during the studies Aspects of code of conduct for the AAMT include wellbeing of client is the priority in treatment decision; maintenance of confidentiality between therapist and client; conducting practices according to the acceptable professional manner as per standards of practice and other laws; no false presentation of qualifications and experiences to clients; and upholding with the rules and regulations of AAMT (The AAMT Code, 2014) Massage therapy is a learning profession wherein some new developments occur every now and then. It is vital for a massage therapist to continue their professional education after their initial qualifications so that they get better equipped with practical applicability of their learning. Reference List Cutler, N. (2007, January 18). Hypertension: Massage Indication or Contradiction? Retrieved from https://www.integrativehealthcare.org/mt/archives/2007/01/hypertension_ma.html Pojasek, R. (2009, August 25). Sustainability or Social Responsibility Whats in the Name? Retrieved from https://www.greenbiz.com/blog/2009/08/25/sustainability-or-social-responsibility-whats-name Stamoulos, J. (2016, July 15). How Massage can Improve Posture? Retrieved from https://www.somaticservices.com/2016/07/15/how-massage-can-improve-posture/ Steven, S. (2009, May 24). Sustainable Massage Practice. Retrieved from https://sjsteven.blogspot.in/2009/05/sustainable-massage-practice.html The AAMT Code. (2014). Retrieved from https://massagemyotherapy.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Code-of-Ethics-and-Standard-of-Practise.pdf