Napalm and Agent Orange in the Vietnam War

During the Vietnam War, the United States military used chemical agents in its fight against Ho Chi Minhs Army of North Vietnam and the Viet Cong. The most important of those chemical weapons were the incendiary napalm and the defoliant Agent Orange. Napalm Napalm is a gel, which in its original form contained naphthenic and palmitic acid plus petroleum as fuel.  The modern version, Napalm B, contains plastic polystyrene, hydrocarbon benzene, and gasoline. It burns at temperatures of 800-1,200 degrees C (1,500-2,200 degrees F). When napalm falls on people, the gel sticks to their skin, hair, and clothing, causing unimaginable pain, severe burns, unconsciousness, asphyxiation, and often death. Even those who do not get hit directly with napalm can die from its effects since it burns at such high temperatures that it can create firestorms that use up much of the oxygen in the air. Bystanders also can suffer heatstroke, smoke exposure, and carbon monoxide poisoning. The US first used napalm during World War II in both the European and Pacific theaters, and also deployed it during the Korean War. However, those instances are dwarfed by American use of napalm in the Vietnam War, where the US dropped almost 400,000 tons of napalm bombs in the decade between 1963 and 1973. Of the Vietnamese people who were on the receiving end, 60% suffered fifth-degree burns, meaning that the burn went down to the bone. Horrifying as napalm is, its effects at least are time-limited. That is not the case with the other major chemical weapon the US used against Vietnam  -- Agent Orange. Agent Orange Agent Orange is a liquid mixture containing the 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T herbicides. The compound is toxic for only about a week before it breaks down, but unfortunately, one of its daughter products is the persistent toxin dioxin. Dioxin lingers in soil, water, and human bodies. During the Vietnam War, the US sprayed Agent Orange on the jungles and fields of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The Americans sought to defoliate the trees and bushes, so that enemy soldiers would be exposed.  They also wanted to kill off the agricultural crops that fed the Viet Cong (as well as local civilians). The US spread 43 million liters (11.4 million gallons) of Agent Orange on Vietnam, covering 24 percent of South Vietnam with the poison. Over 3,000 villages were in the spray zone. In those areas, dioxin leached into peoples bodies, their food, and worst of all, the groundwater.  In an underground aquifer, the toxin can remain stable for at least 100 years. As a result, even decades later, the dioxin continues to cause health problems and birth defects for Vietnamese people in the sprayed area. The Vietnamese government  estimates that about 400,000 people have died from Agent Orange poisoning, and about half a million children have been born with birth defects. US and allied veterans who were exposed during the period of heaviest usage and their children may have elevated rates of various cancers, including soft tissue sarcoma, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, and lymphocytic leukemia. Victims groups from Vietnam, Korea, and other places where napalm and Agent Orange were used have sued the primary manufacturers of these chemical weapons, Monsanto and Dow Chemical, on several occasions. In 2006, the companies were ordered to pay US$63 million in damages to South Korean veterans who fought in Vietnam.

The Lost Art of Letter-Writing Essay - 1143 Words

In the past week, how many texts, emails, or instant messages have you received? The majority of you would probably answer, â€Å"too many to count.† In fact, I would have the same answer as well. Now, think about how many handwritten letters have you received? And by handwritten letters, I mean a letter complete with a stamp and envelope, sent via post office. None at all? That’s not surprising, considering the great benefits of technological communication that cause people to make the switch from communicating through letter-writing. According to an annual survey conducted by the U.S. Postal Service, in 2010, a typical home received one personal letter every seven weeks. This is a drop from the results produced in 1987, when a typical home†¦show more content†¦Even though I knew my various colored pens would irk him, as they usually do, I stuck with my decision because it represents me, and so through my choices, give off an illusion to him as if I have never left his side and can still irk him from 785 miles away. The biggest difference between emails and written letters, is the method of writing the contents: computer fonts versus handwriting. Handwriting is unique to every individual, and so no two written letters look alike. This uniqueness is not apparent in emails, because computer fonts are used and so there is no originality. Not to mention, handwriting is personal; therefore when something handwritten is read, a small sense of closeness and intimacy ensues, as opposed to the â€Å"cold† and distant feeling computer fonts ensue. That’s why most, if not all, love notes are handwritten, not typed; it’s more romantic that way. Also when someone is writing a letter, most of the time, the lines of sentences aren’t perfectly straight, whether there are lines provided or not. However, in a typed email, there are margins, spacing, and â€Å"invisible† lines to help restrict the formatting of the letter . In addition, handwriting gives another depth to the letter’s content. For example, compare the phrase â€Å"I AMShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Cursive Writing717 Words   |  3 Pagesof education. Many believe that cursive writing should continue to be taught in school because of the academic benefits cursive writing can have on students. On the other hand, others believe that cursive writing is no longer needed due to the fact that new curriculum standards do not require cursive writing being taught among students. After reading the articles, it is evident that cursive writing should still be teached in school settings. Cursive writing can allow students to retain informationRead MoreHSC English Essay - Belonging1392 Words   |  6 Pagesin turn hinges our sense of belonging. Such paradoxical interplay between a sense of connection and a loss of self is evident in Emily Dickinson’s poems I Died for Beauty; I had been Hungry all these Years and This is my Let ter to the World, David Grossman’s reflective essay Writing in the Dark and Jason Reitman’s film Up in the Air. All three composers highlight the impracticality of humanity’s innate desire for belonging whereby those who attempt to force a sense of connection, ultimately lose aRead MoreEssay about Elizabeth Bishops One Art1284 Words   |  6 Pagesdisclosing the mysteries of her personal life by cleverly chosen representations. In her very-famous villanelle, â€Å"One Art,† Bishop’s tone seems relaxed at first impression, yet the reader can later feel her disguised frustration. 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We have lost the art of letter writing, face to face interaction, even phone conversations lack in social etiquette. However, the most important of these loses is the face to face communication, without it we will be lost in a world of Tweets, Instagram’s and Facebook. I am of the old school beliefs that face time more efficient than other kinds of communicationRead MoreBartleby the Scrivener, Deeply Symbolic Essay examples1080 Words   |  5 Pagesfor help, as if he is shouting I am a human being, I can and will make choices concerning my own life. But when his preferences are completely ignored and he is sent to the city prison, he gives up on life and dies. It appeared to him as if he had lost the one element of humanity he seemed to possess. Others said that, his refusal of the lawyers request has been read as a critique of the materialism of American culture that was growing at this time. Where it is pretty much significant in the storyRead MoreLife And Writing Of Elizabeth Bishop1497 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious domiciles. I expected an exploration into the meaning and impact of those homes on Bishop’s life and writing, but I was disappointed. Displaced most of her life, place became important to Bishop, from her childhood home in Great Village, Nova Scotia, to the Key West house she shared with Louise Crane; from New York apartments to the several houses she famously â€Å"lost† in her poem, â€Å"One Art,† including those she shared in Brazil with her lover and companion Lota de Macedo Soares. An exegesis ofRead More The Healing Power of Poetry Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagespoetry, letters, and all kinds of other different types of writing. Barker uses the Hydra in her novel to mark the healing power of writing in the lives of these men. Poetry therapy has a long history, being recognized as far back as the first songs chanted around the camp-fires of primitive people. To these people, the chant is what heals the heart and soul. In the English language, the word therapy comes from the Greek word therapeia, which means to nurse or cure through expressive arts suchRead MoreWilla Cathers Issues with Realism and The Barn Burner, Paragraphs1059 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne 3. The Barn Burner 4. A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner 1. Willa Cather seems to take issue with the bland and boring nature of realism above all else. She notes that realism is not in itself an artistic expression, yet so many art forms from literature to paintings—particularly from her time period—portray little more than the realism of our world. In her mind, the literalness that is realism can be successfully integrated in art, but it must

How Does Stevenson Create Intrigue Interest for Th E Reader Free Essays

Explore how Stevenson creates a sense of intrigue and engages the reader’s interest in ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’. Throughout this novel Stevenson consistently uses his characters to create and engage the reader’s curiosity; Utterson first stokes the mystery of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde when he regards to Mr Enfield; ‘Did you ever remark that door? – Enfield returning with the recital of an unusual story in which Mr Hyde is mentioned for the first time. Stevenson uses Hyde’s brutal and seemingly horrifying mentality to arrest the reader’s attention; ensuring not to give the reader to much detail so as to capture their interest and leave them hanging on the end of every unanswered question. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Stevenson Create Intrigue Interest for Th E Reader or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the story continues, Stevenson strategically places events and clues to give the reader a wider picture of the elusive Mr Hyde without giving them too much information; an example of the mystery being gradually expanded is in chapter two when Utterson is searching for Hyde – the reader discovers that Utterson has the will of Dr Henry Jekyll in which the reader learns that Hyde is entitled to Henry Jekyll’s inheritance and that he is allowed to pass freely in and out of Jekyll’s house; the will and Jekyll’s trust in Hyde being used in order to establish a link between the both of them. In chapter four the reader learns that Hyde has murdered Sir Danvers Carew; a man of high status, giving us further insight into Hyde’s true and careless nature and awarding the reader with a further link between Hyde and Jekyll. When the reader discovers in chapter five that Dr Jekyll has forged a letter for Mr Hyde it is important to note that Stevenson is constantly challenging the reader as to why Jekyll and Hyde are connected since the two are classed in different ranks of society; Jekyll was a respected doctor whom was described as a ‘large, well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty’ with every mark of capacity and kindness’ who lived in a ‘square of ancient, handsome houses’ whereas Hyde is hated by many and was ‘pale and dwarfish, he gave an impression of deformity without any nameable malformation’ who lived in ‘the dismal quarter of Soho’ ‘with its muddy ways, and slatternly passages’ – it’s a wonder to the reader what Jekyll saw in the lower class Hyde. Stevenson creates Dr Jekyll in contrast to Mr Hyde using vivid yet entirely opposite descriptions of the two men to create an interesting dynamic within the novel; chal lenging the reader as to whether the lower and higher class people within Victorian society can walk on an equal level. In the final two hapters Stevenson reveals to the reader that Henry Jekyll has been manipulating science in such a way that, using ‘unscientific balderdash’, he has split the human conscience; the good side of the conscience being Dr Jekyll and the evil side of the conscience being Mr Hyde – the reader is horrified that science has been used in such a way but the shock of the novel is stimulating and has been written in such a way that the raw brutality of the story gives the reader a thrill. The way in which Stevenson intrigues the reader is mainly down to the way in which he withholds and presents particular details from the reader so that through the novel they can only accumulate a shaded judgement of ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ and that only in the final chapters, when every clue is given a meaning, can they tru ly understand Dr Jekyll’s true nature; it is in this way that Stevenson induces excitement, curiosity and mystery into his novel and creates an outstanding air of intrigue and interest. How to cite How Does Stevenson Create Intrigue Interest for Th E Reader, Papers

Hypertension Massage Indication or Contradiction

Question: Discuss about the Hypertension for Massage Indication or Contradiction. Answer: Introduction: Hypertension is a medical condition characterized by high blood pressure. The patients of hypertension who are willing to take massage therapy must understand the following effects of massage: Stimulation of certain receptors that result in vasodilation which eventually reduce blood pressure. Relaxation massage is more useful rather than deep tissue or other massage as the latter tend to increase the blood circulation. It has been shown to reduce both the diastolic and systolic blood pressure. The best advantages of massage for postural stress and muscle strength include relaxation of the muscles that have been contracted in the back region, restoring appropriate movement by releasing pain by lengthening the muscles in chest and front of the neck and increasing body flexibility by improving the blood circulation that provides relaxation (John, 2016). There term social responsibility in terms of sustainable practice can be defined as process that voluntarily integrates the environmental and social concerns into the processes or functioning of the organization (Robert, 2009). This is a way through which the organizations tend to perform the sustainable practices that do not harm the environment or disrespect the social norms. The major impacts of massage business over the environment include usage of non-biodegradable products that increase the wastage, more electricity usage for running electrical appliances and over usage of paper for printing bills, writing notes, etc. The best ways to lower the potential threats of massage parlours on the environment include the usage of biodegradable laundry powders for washing the linens and using energy-efficient bulbs or natural light whenever possible to save the electricity (Sam, 2009). The two best strategies to check the viability of any business before putting your footsteps into it in order to prevent any kind of losses are: Identification of the competitors in the market and the services that they are providing to their customers. Analysis of the needs of customers that are not met at the persisting massage clinics so that they can be incorporated at your massage clinic. As a massage therapist, it is essential to take appropriate rest after completing the shifts because it becomes very tiring to give massages to the people. Apart from this, it is important to perform some physical exercise like yoga and also do some meditation to keep the mind peaceful so that one can deal with all kinds of customers with ease. The advantages of being employed by a business as massage therapist More exposure due to more clients Opportunity to meet experts who are in the profession for long time More learning experience The disadvantages of being employed by a business as a massage therapist include: Lower wages Hectic schedules No freedom of choice The advantages of working in your own practice: More financial benefits Complete freedom of working hours and other things No need of reporting to any other person The disadvantage of working in your own practice Less customers (particularly in initial stages) More responsibility of customers as well employees Less opportunity of learning from seniors in the profession I want to pursue this career because it has a higher scope as people are now going towards the natural ways of healing their health issues. I particularly like to deal with the clients who suffer from after effects of weight loss and pregnancy. I would first like to learn from an established firm and then plan to start my own business. To achieve my goals, I need to first find an appropriate massage clinic where I can gain experience then I would build some financial support to start my business. The only limiting factor in achieving my goal is to identify the most potential market where I can start my business and where there is less competition. The benefits or registration with professional organisation for massage therapist include professional support and assistance, enhancement in the experience that is more accountable around the globe and chance to learn developed techniques that might not be taught during the studies Aspects of code of conduct for the AAMT include wellbeing of client is the priority in treatment decision; maintenance of confidentiality between therapist and client; conducting practices according to the acceptable professional manner as per standards of practice and other laws; no false presentation of qualifications and experiences to clients; and upholding with the rules and regulations of AAMT (The AAMT Code, 2014) Massage therapy is a learning profession wherein some new developments occur every now and then. It is vital for a massage therapist to continue their professional education after their initial qualifications so that they get better equipped with practical applicability of their learning. Reference List Cutler, N. (2007, January 18). Hypertension: Massage Indication or Contradiction? Retrieved from https://www.integrativehealthcare.org/mt/archives/2007/01/hypertension_ma.html Pojasek, R. (2009, August 25). Sustainability or Social Responsibility Whats in the Name? Retrieved from https://www.greenbiz.com/blog/2009/08/25/sustainability-or-social-responsibility-whats-name Stamoulos, J. (2016, July 15). How Massage can Improve Posture? Retrieved from https://www.somaticservices.com/2016/07/15/how-massage-can-improve-posture/ Steven, S. (2009, May 24). Sustainable Massage Practice. Retrieved from https://sjsteven.blogspot.in/2009/05/sustainable-massage-practice.html The AAMT Code. (2014). Retrieved from https://massagemyotherapy.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Code-of-Ethics-and-Standard-of-Practise.pdf

Nauru Outline free essay sample

It is the world’s smallest island country, rich in history and culture, and also the fattest place on Earth! II. Nauru is a small oval-shaped island in the western Pacific Ocean approximately 21 sq. Km, located 26 miles south of the equator. A. Nauru’s proximity results in the tropical kind of climate experienced on the island. The dry season in the climate of Nauru is accompanied by the easterly trade winds. The wet season begins from November and ends around February. The westerly monsoon winds bring in moisture bearing clouds to Nauru during the wet season. The only hazard in Nauru climate is the frequent droughts. The amount of rainfall on the island of Nauru varies greatly and droughts are caused (weatheronline. com). B. Naurus terrain consists of a rough beach that rises to a fertile but narrow ring around a raised prehistoric coral reef plateau studded with coral pinnacles exposed by phosphate mining. We will write a custom essay sample on Nauru Outline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page C. Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the pacific. i. Until recently Naurus phosphate reserves were thought to be nearly depleted, but there are some indications that the potential for continued productive mining might exist. However a century of mining has stripped and devastated four-fifths of the total land area. Efforts to rehabilitate the mined out areas have been unsuccessful. Naurus only fertile areas are within the narrow coastal belt where there are coconut palms, pandanus trees and indigenous hardwoods and the land surrounding the inland Buada Lagoon on the central plateau where bananas, pineapples and some vegetables are grown (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs). III. Nauru was first inhabited by Micronesian and Polynesian people at least 3000 years ago. A. The British sea captain John Fearn, a whale hunter, became the first Westerner to visit this island in 1798, and he named it â€Å"Pleasant Island†. B. Nauru was annexed by Germany in 1888 and the Germans ruled Nauru for almost 3 decades. C. Nauru became self-governing in January 1966 and became independent in 1968 (The World Factbook) IV. Nauru has a deep culture background including different ethnicities, religion, and languages. A. Nauruan is Nauru’s official language, that is spoken other than English. B. Religion practiced by the people is mainly Christianity. C. Chinese and Europeans are two ethnic groups that are among Nauru. D. Sports that are participated in Nauru are American Rules Football, softball, and weightlifting. V. Since Nauru is an island, it includes many seafood dishes. A. Fish is the main food group that does not need to be imported like other necessities; it is caught by the Kiribati fishermen. B. Nauru cuisine is very light because of the high temperature. C. Meat is one of their main food groups. VI. Nauru has many festivals where they come together and share their joy and happiness. A. Festivals concentrate on Christian religious celebrations like Christmas, Easter, etc. B. Most important festival is on Nauru’s Independence Day. i. Their independence day is celebrated on January 31st. ii. Flags are hoisted in government buildings and institutes. C. Another major festival is on Angam Day. i. This is practiced on October 27th. ii. This was created because the population level passed 1,500 and this was considered the minimum number needed to survive (Everyculture. com). VII. According to the CIA Factbook, Nauru contains only 9,322 people. A. The life expectancy of the total population is about 65 years of age. B. Nauru is also unique because of its health issues portrayed in its people. i. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 95% of its population suffers from obesity, most of which have diabetes. VIII. In concluding, the small island country of Nauru is a beautiful tropical island in the Pacific Ocean where the uniqueness ranges from its geography to its people. From the phosphate mining that has stripped this beautiful island to the sad obesity epidemic, its history and culture makes up for the devastation. Let us not forget Nauru when we think of other countries in the world, for they are in need of us to remember them!

Management Budgeting Essay

Management Budgeting Essay Management Budgeting Essay 1. Budgeting What is the objective of the organization? 2. Advantages of Budgeting Compels planning Promotes coordination and communication (need to coordinate with each other, departments, to create budget. Need to focus on one goal.) Provides performance criteria (that you need to achieve) 3. Knight Company has found that 30% What’s your expectation? Sale’s budget How much cash do I have during certain month? 4. Budget development Who is going to be responsible for the budget? Everyone in the org is somewhat responsible for the budget as they would be involved in the day-to-day activities one way or another. 5. Master Budget What’s organization goals? 6. Budgeting Styles 7. Budget Fames - Managers have been known to play †¦ in which they attempt to manipulate info and targets to achieve as high as bonus as possible Stretch targets 8. Standard Costs 9. Managing by Exception: Cost variance analysis enables managers to focus attention on items Should you look at negative variance or? Both are important, over-budget and under-budget Look at unfavorable items that stick out, but should look at favorable items as well b/c you might overlook something that you could improve. Break down to price and quantity Need to figure out both what went right and wrong Cost Variances 10. Investigating causes 11. Direct Cost Variance Analysis Actual cost is bigger than original budget so it’s unfavorable. The difference between Flexible Budget Cost and Original Budget is the Units, so it’s called Volume variance Astor Company $3,000 under-budgeted 12. 13. What is more important? A. Labor efficiency B. Labor effectiveness (focus on customer – less errors, reject rate) Focus on Effectiveness first, then efficiency, but need to have a good combination of both efficiency and effectiveness. No point producing a lot of goods but many defects. 14. Elimination of Direct Labor Variance Reporting Continue to monitor is better 15. Take home message Traditional budgeting and std cost systems can play a useful role. It’s important to recognize the limitations and develop improved systems. Need to use a combination of it. 16. (2nd PPT) 1. Costs/Limitations of Decentralization 2. Should plant managers be evaluated as cost centers or profit centers? - Plant manager should be evaluated for cost centers Sales is related to effectiveness - However, if their delivery influence sales, then they would also be evaluated for profit centers 3. Survey of Chief Financial Officers - Plants pursuing cost leadership strategy are more likely to be cost center 4. †¦ 5. Non-Financial Performance Measures - Customer satisfaction will be affected before the impact of managerial actions is observed in sales revenue or profit. - Operating measures such as customer waiting time provide immediate

Country of the Bad Wolfes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Country of the Bad Wolfes - Essay Example Samuel accidentally kills a guard, and then signs up under an alias for the Army to avoid prosecution, while John moves to graduate in law from Dartmouth. The family follows its destiny to Mexico where they meet Edward Little, a mysterious American businessman who later gets connected to Porfirio Diaz who ruled the country for over thirty years before being ousted through the 1910 Revolution. Through this troubled period of time in America and Mexico, Diaz increases in power with the Wolfes growing richer and richer, forging forward their violent history and breeding a fearsome legacy. There are aspects of this novel that could be figured out as a dream even though there could be some reality in them. Blake is known to be â€Å"a master at weaving historical fact into fiction† according to Leonard and indeed uses rogue heroes, angels, demons and duels to communicate to his audience. According to Bertens, psychoanalysis would view novels as a dream though they would have some truth to communicate (133). In fact, Theisson argues that â€Å"fiction often gets the messages across when dry journalism fails.† There could be need for deeper interpretation before the truth could be grasped when the author uses fiction in introducing the mysterious Edward Little and also in the whole novel where blood is a serious factor that persists even across geography and generations helps the author pass across the significance of blood connection in this novel. The men in this novel have been used to portray the existent sexual tension in the society as they consider women to be objects of satisfaction and that they can have as many as they so wish. The set of twins, Samuel and John get involved in duels and seduce various lovely ladies (Blake 67). On the other side, the women play an important role as they are portrayed as lovers and care givers who play a critical role in passing on life from one generation to another. One of